別混淆公開演講和匯報

你做過公開演講 (Public Speaking)和匯報 (Presentation)嗎？你知道兩者的差別嗎？ 許多人以為兩者是一樣的，但其實當中的差別最少有三個。

為簡單起見，我們以TED Talk作為公開演講的例子，而匯報就像在公司內部作提案的介紹。

1. 觀眾群

公開演講的觀眾群一般較闊、大眾化、多元化。而匯報的群體則相對較窄而聚焦。公開演講的觀眾人數一般也較多。

2. 觀眾互動

成功的公開演講和匯報都需要與觀眾互動。 然而，公開演講中的互動通常既短且快，譬如舉手。 匯報中的觀眾互動則較長而且往往超過一次。例如某同事在匯報中提出問題，演講者回答，同事提出後續問題，演講者澄清......

3. 內容設計

由於上述的差異，兩種演說的內容鋪排和設計會有不同的側重點。公開演講通常是信息優先，即以關鍵信息作主軸，再將其擴展至打動人心的故事。而匯報則是觀眾優先。 例如，同一信息，但演示給高管和前線銷售員的匯報手法和設計將大大不同。設計內容時應首先考慮受眾的具體需求，確保匯報的過程中能滿足對方的需求。

Do you do public speaking and presentation? Can you tell the difference between the two? Many people use these two terms interchangeably as if they are the same. In fact, there are subtle differences.

For simplicity, think of public speaking as a TED Talk and a presentation as a sales pitch in the corporate boardroom.

1. Audience group

The audience group of public speaking is more generic than that of a presentation, which is usually more targeted. Also, the number of audiences in public speaking is usually larger than that of a presentation.

2. Interaction with audience

Successful public speaking and presentation require interaction with the audience. However, interaction in public speaking is usually short and swift – such as raising hands. Interaction in presentation is usually longer and consists of back-and-forth communication. Imagine the audience ask a question, then the speaker answers, the audience raises a follow-up question, the speaker clarifies...

3. Design of content

Because of the aforementioned key differences, the focus of the content design in both cases are different. The approach in public speaking is message-first, i.e., first come up with the key message, then develop it into a speech to engage and touch the audience. In presentations, the speaker takes on an audience-first approach. For instance, the way we make the sales pitch to a group of executives V.S. frontline sales team will be largely different. Content design should first consider the specific needs of the audience then cater the content and message to meet those needs.